General

There are a number of different possibilities for the professional animator in Japan: Television series, feature films, original video releases, game animation and commercials are the primary work that most animators do but there are others. The market for animation all over the world is booming and there is a great need for talented people! Japan produces a large amount of animation for both domestic and foreign release.

The Japanese animation/manga industry is not actively closed to foreigners but there are a number of obstacles which need to be overcome before a foreigner would be able to get work for any length of time or to make a career of it.

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Perhaps the most important thing that somebody with an interest in animation who thinks that they might want to be involved in the animation industry, in Japan or anywhere, can do is to first ask him/herself:

Is it the process of animation or particular shows/characters/styles that interests you the most?

Animation work and fandom are two very different things!

The following is the lecture that animation company production managers always give people when they contact the studio looking for work or information:

Many people who go to animation schools are fans who want to turn an interest into a job. 90% of them drop out before the end of their first year in animation jobs. (Same wash-out rate as the US Navy SEAL teams...) In fact, most drop out after the first year of school. They lose interest, find that it is not what they thought it would be, that they would have to give up too much to do it or it is just plain too hard. If somebody really enjoys watching Japanese animation and really likes certain shows and characters and wants to "do something like that someday" my suggestion is not to consider a career in animation but to draw comics or do illustrations independently and continue to enjoy what they like. Animators often get tired of looking at animation. They learn so much about how it is done that they see the flaws and where the corners are cut and this greatly lessens their enjoyment of watching it. (They call it "seeing under the cover".) There is only a very small chance that somebody will get to work on something they are a fan of. I have seen a lot of animators quit because they never got to work on anything they liked and usually had to work on things they weren't. Animators spend their first couple of years drawing shoes, garbage cans, fences, dust clouds, gears, sub-characters talking and so on. It takes a lot of persistence to stick with it and move up in the industry.
  Most fans think that an anime studio is a bunch of people hanging around happily drawing characters they like and watching anime and talking about it. It's very different. Everybody is tired of even looking at it and they are burned out by working long hours and not having days off. You get a different form of camaraderie from this, however, which can be very fulfilling.
  The benefits of sticking with it can be very great. You can be pretty creative and when you're young and single the studio can easily become like your home and your workmates your family. It is a great experience. If you stick with it long enough you will eventually work on something that you like and if you really work hard then you can move into a position with some creative input.

Before you think about moving to Japan I strongly suggest you visit there and there is no better way to do that for a fan than Pop Japan Travel. You'll get to see the country and an anime studio to boot.